K is the pressure-to-head constant: 2.31 ft per psi (US) or 10.2 m per bar (SI), for water at SG = 1.
For preliminary sizing and educational use. Verify final design against manufacturer performance curves and applicable codes; final designs should be reviewed by a licensed professional engineer.
A defensible workflow
From design flow to a real duty point
01Set flowDefine the actual process or fixture demand.
02Build static headResolve elevations and pressure requirements.
03Calculate lossesAdd pipe, valve, and fitting friction.
04Check suctionConfirm NPSH margin and velocity limits.
05Find duty pointIntersect the pump and system curves.
Direct-drive solar pump flow changes throughout the day because pump speed follows the photovoltaic array's available power, which rises from sunrise to…